Cultural notice: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander readers are advised that this page contains names of people who have died, and references to frontier violence. We acknowledge the Gunaikurnai people, Traditional Owners of much of Gippsland, and pay our respects to their Elders past and present.

Wunman Njinde · Welcome14

Walking together on Gunaikurnai Country

A “did you know?” guide to the Gunaikurnai people of Gippsland, local Aboriginal services, the history we share, First Nations achievers, and what reconciliation looks like in practice.

Explore Gunaikurnai Country Find your birth-month twin

Profile

Gunaikurnai Country

The Gunaikurnai are the Traditional Owners of much of Gippsland, in Victoria’s south-east. “Gunaikurnai” is the agreed name that came out of native title negotiations; you will also see older spellings such as Gunai, Kurnai and Gunnai.1 Gunaikurnai see land (Warruk), waters (Yarnda), air (Watpootjan) and every living thing as one.13

22 Oct 2010Federal Court recognises Gunaikurnai native title over much of Gippsland4
Firstsettlement made under Victoria’s Traditional Owner Settlement Act 20104
10 → 14parks handed back as Aboriginal title in 2010; GLaWAC now lists 14 under joint management45
~100First Peoples employed by GLaWAC across Gippsland3

The five clans

The Gunaikurnai nation is made up of five clans. The spellings below are the ones endorsed by the GLaWAC Elders’ Council; the Bataluk Cultural Trail uses older spellings, shown underneath.129

Brataualung

Bratwoloong

South Gippsland: Cape Liptrap and Tarwin Meadows east to Merriman’s Creek, inland to about Mirboo, plus Port Albert and Wilsons Promontory.9

Brayakaulung

Brayakooloong

Around Sale, Providence Ponds and the Avon and Latrobe rivers, west of Lake Wellington to Mount Baw Baw and Mount Howitt.9

Brabralung

Brabawooloong

East Gippsland’s Mitchell, Nicholson and Tambo rivers, north to Bairnsdale and Bruthen.9

Tatungalung

Tatungooloong

The coast around Lakes Entrance, Ninety Mile Beach, Lakes Victoria and Wellington, and Raymond Island.9

Krauatungalung

Krowathunkooloong

The Snowy River country from Cape Everard (Point Hicks) to Lake Tyers, including the Bemm and Buchan rivers.9

GLaWAC

The Gunaikurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation was set up in 2007 and is the Registered Aboriginal Party for Gunaikurnai Country under Victoria’s Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006.1 It represents Gunaikurnai people on native title, cultural heritage, and land, water and natural resource management.13 Its crews care for Country, protect cultural heritage and deliver environmental services.2

gunaikurnai.org

Native title and the settlement

The Gunaikurnai lodged their native title claim in 1997. On 22 October 2010 the Federal Court recognised their native title, and on the same day the State signed a Recognition and Settlement Agreement with them.4 The agreement lets Gunaikurnai people hunt, fish and gather on public land for traditional, non-commercial purposes.4 In recognition of its significance to Gunaikurnai people, the Knob Reserve at Stratford was chosen as the place to sign the 2010 determination.12

Jointly managed parks and reserves

Ten parks and reserves were granted as Aboriginal title in the 2010 settlement and are jointly managed with the State.4 A board with a majority of Traditional Owners oversees them, and Gunaikurnai and Parks Victoria rangers share on-ground management.5 Their plan, approved in 2018, was Victoria’s first Joint Management Plan.6

  • The Knob Reserve, Stratford
  • Tarra-Bulga National Park
  • Mitchell River National Park
  • The Lakes National Park
  • Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park
  • New Guinea Cave (Snowy River NP)
  • Lake Tyers catchment area
  • Buchan Caves Reserve
  • Gippsland Lakes Reserve, Raymond Island
  • Corringle Foreshore Reserve

List as published by First Peoples – State Relations.4

Culture

Stories, words and places

Borun and Tuk

In the Gunaikurnai creation story, the first man, Borun the pelican, came down from the mountains carrying his bark canoe. All the way he heard a tapping sound he couldn’t place. When he reached the water and set the canoe down, he found Tuk the musk duck inside. They married and became the parents of the five clans.78

GLaWAC notes there are many ways to tell a story, and shares its versions as a starting point.7 One telling on the Bataluk Cultural Trail is credited to Robert Andy, a Tatungooloong Gunaikurnai man.8

Wrens and the Nargun

In Gunaikurnai lore, all men belong to one order, Yeerung, and all women to Djeetgun. Both are small wrens. GLaWAC names Yeerung as the southern emu-wren and Djeetgun as the superb blue wren; Ramahyuck’s telling pairs the birds the other way round.787

The Nargun is a large female creature said to live in a cave behind the waterfall at the Den of Nargun in Mitchell River National Park.7 The site is of great cultural significance, especially to Gunaikurnai women.12

A few Gunaikurnai words

Wunman Njinde
Welcome14
Warruk
Land13
Yarnda
Waters13
Watpootjan
Air13
Bataluk
Lizard10
Gellung Warl
Tip of the spear26
Yuck
Mother, or own (as in Ramahyuck)18
Bung Yarnda
The name for Lake Tyers17

Language belongs to community. GLaWAC explains that today’s Gunaikurnai words come from interpretation of language, and it works to share this material with community in a balanced way.1 If you plan to use these words publicly, check with GLaWAC first.

The Bataluk Cultural Trail

The trail follows traditional routes used by Gunaikurnai people for over 30,000 years and winds through East Gippsland like the tail of a lizard.1085 Its eleven sites are:11

  1. White Woman’s Waterhole, Won Wron
  2. The Lagoon, Sale Common
  3. The Knob Reserve, Stratford
  4. Ramahyuck Cemetery, Perry Bridge
  5. Den of Nargun, Mitchell River National Park
  6. Krowathunkooloong Keeping Place, Bairnsdale
  7. Howitt Park, Bairnsdale
  8. Legend Rock, Metung
  9. Buchan Caves
  10. Burnt Bridge Reserve, Lake Tyers
  11. Salmon Rock and Gunai Boardwalk, Cape Conran

Middens in East Gippsland have been dated at more than 10,000 years old.12 It is an offence under Victoria’s heritage law to tamper with or remove anything from an Aboriginal site.11

Krowathunkooloong Keeping Place

Named after one of the five clans, the Keeping Place was named in 1991 and opened in 1994 on the grounds of the Gippsland and East Gippsland Aboriginal Co-operative in Bairnsdale.16 GEGAC describes it as a place to understand a living, continuing culture rather than a museum. Guided tours are available, and entry is $10 for adults and $6 for children.15

Book a visit

Art on Country

The Borun & Tuk Gallery at the Gippsland Art Gallery in Sale is a permanent space for First Nations artists living and working on Gunaikurnai Country.14 In Bairnsdale, the East Gippsland Aboriginal Arts Corporation is 100% Aboriginal-owned and promotes and sells local Aboriginal art.51

Truth-telling

Local history we share

Truth-telling means hearing the history of a place, including the hard parts. These events shaped Gunaikurnai Country, and their effects are still felt.

  1. 30,000+ yrs
    Deep time. The five Gunaikurnai clans have lived in Gippsland for more than 30,000 years.85
  2. 1843
    Warrigal Creek. In July 1843, after the killing of a settler’s nephew near Port Albert, Brataualung people were massacred at several sites around Warrigal Creek.21 Estimates range from 60 to 150 people killed in an armed assault organised by squatter Angus McMillan.22 Victoria’s Yoorrook Justice Commission recorded up to 150 lives lost at Warrigal Creek and 15 at Milly Creek.23
  3. 1861
    Lake Tyers mission. Anglican missionary John Bulmer established a mission at Lake Tyers; the reserve was gazetted in 1863. Bulmer encouraged residents to keep their culture and hunting. After the government took over in 1908, residents’ freedom of movement was restricted.17
  4. 1863
    Ramahyuck. A mission opened on the Avon River near Lake Wellington under Moravian missionary Friedrich Hagenauer, who was authoritarian and intolerant of Aboriginal culture.18 Yoorrook’s record notes it was set up at a known massacre site, Boney Point.24
  5. 1908
    Ramahyuck closes. The orphanage and school shut, and remaining residents were sent to Lake Tyers.18
  6. 1917
    “Concentration” policy. The Board for the Protection of Aborigines adopted a policy of moving Aboriginal people from across Victoria to Lake Tyers.17
  7. 1963
    The fight for Lake Tyers. From 1956 residents campaigned for Lake Tyers to become an independent, Aboriginal-run cooperative.17 On 23 May 1963, Pastor Doug Nicholls led a march to Parliament House against the planned closure, and Lake Tyers was declared a permanent reserve in 1965.19
  8. 1971
    Land handed back. Under the Aboriginal Lands Act 1970, Lake Tyers was handed to the Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust with freehold title.20
  9. 1972–75
    Community-controlled services. An Aboriginal health service began in East Gippsland in 1972, and the Gippsland and East Gippsland Aboriginal Co-operative was established in 1975.41
  10. 1992
    Ramahyuck District Aboriginal Corporation was registered on 12 May 1992, from an idea by Elder Noel Yarram, to secure housing, jobs and health services in Sale.43
  11. 2010
    Recognition. Native title is recognised and the first settlement under the Traditional Owner Settlement Act is signed.4
  12. 2018
    Joint management and renaming. Victoria’s first Joint Management Plan is approved for Gunaikurnai parks.6 The federal electorate named after Angus McMillan is renamed.22
  13. 2025
    Truth and Treaty. Yoorrook, Australia’s first formal truth-telling process, tabled its final reports on 1 July 2025.25 They include 100 recommendations and recognise massacres against Gunaikurnai people.24 On 13 November 2025, Victoria’s Statewide Treaty became law, creating a First Peoples’ body named Gellung Warl, “tip of the spear” in Gunaikurnai.26 The Treaty remains politically contested: the Victorian Opposition has said it would move to repeal it if elected in November 2026.27

Support

Services on Gunaikurnai Country

Aboriginal community-controlled organisations across Gippsland offer health, legal, family and cultural services. Details were checked in October 2026; contact each service to confirm hours and eligibility.

Health & community

Gippsland & East Gippsland Aboriginal Co-operative (GEGAC)

37–53 Dalmahoy St, Bairnsdale. Primary health and dental, community services, children, youth and family services, and cultural business.4142

(03) 5150 070015

gegac.org.au

Health & community

Ramahyuck District Aboriginal Corporation

Serves Aboriginal families in Wellington and Latrobe shires, with medical clinics in Sale and Morwell. GP clinics, social and emotional wellbeing, Stolen Generations services, family services, home and community care, early years, child care and a Koorie Maternity Service.87

(03) 5143 164487

Head office, 117 Foster St, Sale. Morwell clinic (03) 5136 5128.87

ramahyuck.org

Health & children

Lake Tyers Health & Children’s Services

At Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust. Primary health care, community services, child care and kindergarten, with health services provided free of charge.4486

(03) 5155 850045

Service profile

Health & culture

Moogji Aboriginal Council East Gippsland

52 Stanley St, Orbost, serving Orbost and Cann River. A health service, cultural programs and heritage work on significant sites.4246

(03) 5154 213346
Legal

Victorian Aboriginal Legal Service (VALS)

Criminal, family and civil law help for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, with offices including Bairnsdale and Morwell.47

1800 064 86547

vals.org.au

Family violence & legal

Djirra

Culturally safe legal and non-legal support for Aboriginal people experiencing family violence. The Bairnsdale office serves all of Gippsland, and a Morwell office opened in 2019.4849

djirra.org.au

Children & families

VACCA Gippsland

The Victorian Aboriginal Child and Community Agency works in Morwell, including a place-based partnership to reduce the number of Aboriginal children in out-of-home care in Gippsland.50

vacca.org

Crisis support · 24/7

13YARN

A free, confidential crisis line where you talk with a Lifeline-trained Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Crisis Supporter, 24 hours a day.40

13 92 7640

13yarn.org.au

Country & culture

GLaWAC

The Traditional Owner corporation for Gunaikurnai Country, covering native title, cultural heritage, and land and water management.113

gunaikurnai.org

000In an emergency, or if someone is in immediate danger, call Triple Zero.

Achievers

Who shares your birth month?

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander trailblazers in sport, science, health, politics, law, art and music. Every birth date is checked against a published source.

Gippsland connections

Lionel Rose

Born at Jacksons Track near Warragul in West Gippsland, he became the first Aboriginal Australian to win a world boxing title.60 A statue in Warragul’s Mus Park, unveiled in 2010, honours him.60

Lidia Thorpe

A Gunnai and Gunditjmara woman, she was the first Aboriginal woman elected to Victoria’s Parliament (2017) and the first Aboriginal senator for Victoria (2020).8081 Her earlier community roles included the Lakes Entrance Aboriginal Education Consultative Group and the Nowa Nowa Primary School council.81

GLaWAC rangers

Gunaikurnai crews care for Country, protect cultural heritage and deliver environmental services. One ranger describes working on Country as a healing process.2 Gunaikurnai and Parks Victoria rangers jointly manage 14 parks and reserves.5

More trailblazers

Professor Kelvin Kong · Medicine

A Worimi man and ear, nose and throat surgeon, he became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in 2007 as Australia’s first Aboriginal surgeon. He was NAIDOC Person of the Year in 2023.79

Want to add someone?

Many achievers, including scientists, doctors and environmentalists, don’t have a published birth date. To keep the calendar accurate, only people with a verified date appear in it.

Reconciliation 101

What reconciliation looks like

Reconciliation Action Plans (RAPs) give organisations a framework to act on reconciliation. They are built on three pillars: relationships, respect and opportunities. More than 3,000 organisations have one.34

ReflectGet ready and build understanding
InnovateDevelop and pilot new ways of working
StretchEmbed reconciliation in core business
ElevateLead and influence beyond the organisation

The four RAP types are set by Reconciliation Australia.34 The short descriptions are a plain-language summary.

Key terms

Yarning circle
A respectful, collaborative way of talking where everyone’s voice is equal. Organisations such as The Salvation Army have used yarning circles to shape their RAPs.3537
Truth-telling
An ongoing process, not a single event, that puts historically silenced voices first. Its direction should be set by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.35
Sorry Business
The ceremonial process First Nations people follow when they lose loved ones. It can carry an ongoing emotional and financial load.35
Cultural load
The extra cultural expectations placed on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at work, on top of their actual job. Organisations such as TSA are teaching managers about its impact to help keep First Nations staff.35
Competency vs capability
In plain terms, competency is what you know and can do (skills and knowledge). Capability is how you think and act (attitudes and behaviours).
“Nothing about us, without us”
A widely used principle: decisions that affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples should be made with them, not for them.

Closing the Gap

Where the gap stands

In 2008 Australian governments formally committed to closing the gap in life expectancy, infant mortality, health, education and employment between First Nations and non-Indigenous Australians.33 The current approach rests on the belief that outcomes improve when Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have a genuine say in the policies and services that affect them.84

The National Agreement

The Coalition of Peaks, all Australian governments and the Australian Local Government Association signed the National Agreement on Closing the Gap on 27 July 2020.29 It sets 19 socio-economic targets across 17 outcome areas.28 At its centre are four Priority Reforms:30

  1. Formal partnerships and shared decision-making
  2. Building the community-controlled sector
  3. Transforming government organisations
  4. Shared access to data and information at a regional level

Progress report, July 2026

The Productivity Commission’s sixth annual report, released 29 July 2026, assessed the 19 targets:3132

  • Met
  • On track
  • Improving, not on track
  • No change
  • Worsening
  • Can’t yet be assessed

The deadline for most targets is 2031.32 Explore the live Closing the Gap dashboard.

Spotlight

One organisation’s journey: The Salvation Army Australia

The Salvation Army (TSA) is one of Australia’s largest providers of social services, and launched its first Stretch RAP in 2025.3536 Its public RAP documents are a useful case study of reconciliation in practice, including truth-telling about its own past.

89 → 127deliverables: Innovate RAP, then Stretch RAP35
+40%First Nations hires, from 103 (2021–22) to 144 (2022–23)35
40% → 22%First Nations staff turnover over the same years35
57RAP yarning circles (34 on Country, 23 online) with 788 participants35

Milestones

  1. 1921–48
    Purga. TSA ran the Purga Aboriginal Mission near Ipswich at the Queensland Government’s request. Its RAP names this as part of truth-telling.35
  2. 1997
    Statement of Reconciliation recognising TSA’s harmful actions towards Indigenous Australians.38
  3. 2009
    National reference group formed under the leadership of Uncle Vince Ross.35
  4. 2012
    First national ministry conference recommends developing a RAP.35
  5. 2015–20
    Early RAPs: Eastern Territory Innovate RAP (2015), Victoria Reflect RAP (2016), Tasmania Reflect RAP (2020).35
  6. 2017
    Uluru Statement. TSA publicly supports the Uluru Statement from the Heart.35
  7. 2019
    Advisory Council established, led by Uncle Vince Ross.35
  8. 2020
    First national RAP (Innovate) unveiled on 3 December, built on about 100 yarning circles.37
  9. 2023
    Recognition and the Voice. TSA wins a SEEK STAR Award for diversity and inclusion and supports the Voice referendum. After the result, it commits to a “Yes” future.35
  10. 2025
    Stretch RAP (2025–2028) launched on 2 June.36 A Reconciliation Ally Guunung (circle/camp) network followed in November.39

Six key Stretch RAP commitments

  1. Truth-telling
  2. Social justice and advocacy
  3. A RAP Framework Database to track partnerships and actions
  4. Cultural safety in TSA sites and services
  5. A Reconciliation Ally “Guunung” (circle/camp) network
  6. Supporting people through Sorry Business

Source: TSA Stretch RAP 2025–2028.35

Words with meaning

Ngumbe Bianga Guunung: the name of TSA’s RAP yarning circles, using Burunggam words from south-west Queensland for listening, yarning and returning to camp.35

Burra Burra: TSA’s pastoral care network for First Nations staff. The name means “big family” or “big mob”.35

Did you know?

Scottish explorer Tom Petrie once compared yarning circles to Salvation Army meetings.38 Singer Harold Blair grew up at Purga under the care of Salvation Army mission staff.68

Take action

What you can do next

Reconciliation needs all of us. Here are practical steps you can take on Gunaikurnai Country.

  1. Know whose Country you’re on.
    Much of Gippsland is Gunaikurnai Country.1 Some parts are also Bunurong Country; TAFE Gippsland, for example, acknowledges both peoples across its campuses.13 Use the clan map on GLaWAC’s website.
  2. Visit the Keeping Place.
    Book a guided tour of the Krowathunkooloong Keeping Place in Bairnsdale.15
  3. Walk the Bataluk Cultural Trail.
    Visit with respect. Leave everything where you find it.11
  4. Read the truth.
    Start with Yoorrook’s final reports and the colonial massacres map.2125
  5. Show up.
    Join events for National Reconciliation Week (late May to 3 June) and NAIDOC Week (early July).35
  6. Back community control.
    Refer people to local Aboriginal community-controlled organisations, and buy from Aboriginal-owned businesses and artists.51
  7. Lighten the cultural load.
    Do your own learning rather than relying on Aboriginal colleagues to educate you.35
  8. Follow the data.
    Check the Closing the Gap dashboard each year and ask what your workplace is doing.31

References

Sources

Every numbered citation on this page links here. Sources were checked in October 2026.

  1. Gunaikurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation (GLaWAC). Our Story.
  2. GLaWAC (22 Oct 2025). Caring for Country, Growing Gippsland.
  3. Gippsland Monitor. “Young as an organisation, ancient in culture”: GLaWAC celebrates 15 years.
  4. First Peoples – State Relations, Victorian Government. Gunaikurnai Recognition and Settlement Agreement.
  5. GLaWAC. Joint Management.
  6. Premier of Victoria (1 Sep 2018). Landmark Plan to Guide Victorian Parks and Reserves.
  7. GLaWAC. Stories & Songlines.
  8. Bataluk Cultural Trail. Borun the Pelican and Tuk the Musk Duck.
  9. Bataluk Cultural Trail. The five clans of the Gunaikurnai.
  10. Bataluk Cultural Trail. Explore the Bataluk Cultural Trail.
  11. Bataluk Cultural Trail. The Heritage Act of Victoria and trail sites.
  12. The Middle of Everywhere (Wellington Shire). Bataluk Cultural Trail itinerary.
  13. TAFE Gippsland. Acknowledgment of Country.
  14. Gippsland Art Gallery. Borun & Tuk Gallery.
  15. Gippsland and East Gippsland Aboriginal Co-operative (GEGAC). Krowathunkooloong Keeping Place.
  16. Bataluk Cultural Trail. Krowathunkooloong Keeping Place.
  17. Find & Connect. Lake Tyers Mission Station.
  18. Find & Connect. Ramahyuck Aboriginal Mission.
  19. Melbourne Law School. Pastor Doug Nicholls leads Aboriginal people from Lake Tyers to Parliament House, 23 May 1963.
  20. Museums Victoria Collections. Lake Tyers photograph and history notes.
  21. University of Newcastle. Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia: Warrigal Creek.
  22. Wikipedia. Angus McMillan.
  23. South Gippsland Sentinel-Times. Truth be told, Gippsland has a lot to answer for.
  24. Latrobe Valley Express (15 Jul 2025). Report to pave a way forward.
  25. First Peoples – State Relations. Truth-telling and Treaty.
  26. National Indigenous Times (13 Nov 2025). “These words will not disappear”: Victorian Treaty signed into law.
  27. The New Daily (31 Oct 2025). Victoria makes history with Australia-first treaty.
  28. Closing the Gap. National Agreement on Closing the Gap.
  29. Coalition of Peaks. National Agreement on Closing the Gap.
  30. Department of Social Services. About Closing the Gap.
  31. Productivity Commission. Closing the Gap Annual Data Compilation Report, July 2026.
  32. Proctor (Queensland Law Society), Aug 2026. Commissioner to highlight latest Closing the Gap data.
  33. Australians Together. First Nations disadvantage in Australia.
  34. Reconciliation Australia. About RAPs.
  35. The Salvation Army Australia Territory. Stretch Reconciliation Action Plan, June 2025 – June 2028 (PDF).
  36. The Salvation Army Australia. Reconciliation Action Plan.
  37. The Salvation Army Australia (3 Dec 2020). Salvation Army delivers Reconciliation Action Plan.
  38. Salvos Online. The Salvation Army’s journey of reconciliation.
  39. Salvos Online (3 Jun 2026). Stretch RAP marks one year of ‘walking together’ towards reconciliation.
  40. 13YARN. About us.
  41. VACCHO. Gippsland and East Gippsland Aboriginal Co-operative member profile.
  42. Coroners Court of Victoria. Aboriginal services (Gippsland).
  43. NACCHO Communiqué (16 Oct 2012). Ramahyuck District Aboriginal Corporation celebrates its 20 year anniversary.
  44. Better Health Channel. Aboriginal health services.
  45. My Aged Care. Lake Tyers Health & Children Services Association.
  46. Bataluk Cultural Trail. Moogji Aboriginal Council.
  47. Fitzroy Legal Service, The Law Handbook 2024. Victorian Aboriginal Legal Service.
  48. Fitzroy Legal Service, The Law Handbook. Family violence: contacts.
  49. Latrobe Valley Express (8 May 2019). Djirra opening offers new hope.
  50. VACCA. Morwell place-based partnership to address overrepresentation of Aboriginal children in care.
  51. Bataluk Cultural Trail. East Gippsland Aboriginal Arts Corporation.
  52. National Film and Sound Archive. Vale Archie Roach.
  53. AIATSIS. Cathy Freeman.
  54. Senate Biographical Dictionary. Bonner, Neville Thomas (1922–1999).
  55. International Tennis Hall of Fame. Ashleigh Barty.
  56. Wikipedia. Troy Cassar-Daley.
  57. Northern Daily Leader (2025). Healing: Troy Cassar-Daley sweeps Golden Guitars.
  58. National Portrait Gallery. Lionel Rose.
  59. Wikipedia. Lionel Rose.
  60. Monument Australia. Lionel Rose statue, Warragul.
  61. AIATSIS. Eddie Koiki Mabo.
  62. National Portrait Gallery. Albert Namatjira.
  63. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Albert Namatjira.
  64. Australian Dictionary of Biography. O’Donoghue, Lowitja (1932–2024).
  65. Lowitja O’Donoghue Foundation. Biography and achievements timeline.
  66. Reserve Bank of Australia. David Unaipon (1872–1967).
  67. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Blair, Harold (1924–1976).
  68. Cherbourg Memory. Harold Blair 1924 to 1976.
  69. AFL. AFL congratulates Shaun Burgoyne.
  70. Wikipedia. Shaun Burgoyne.
  71. First Peoples – State Relations. Ruby Hunter.
  72. Wikipedia. Ruby Hunter.
  73. Care Experience and Culture. Ruby Hunter.
  74. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Noonuccal, Oodgeroo (1920–1993).
  75. Victorian Government. Aunty Oodgeroo Noonuccal.
  76. Wikipedia. Eddie Betts.
  77. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Nicholls, Sir Douglas Ralph (Doug) (1906–1988).
  78. Wikipedia. Douglas Nicholls.
  79. Australian Indigenous Doctors’ Association (28 Jul 2025). Let’s Yarn! With Professor Kelvin Kong.
  80. SBS NITV (6 Oct 2020). First Aboriginal person elected to the Senate to represent Victoria sworn in.
  81. Indigenous Fellowship. Lidia Thorpe.
  82. Wikipedia. Archie Roach.
  83. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cathy Freeman.
  84. Closing the Gap. A new way of working together.
  85. Bataluk Cultural Trail. Exploring the Bataluk Cultural Trail (sites).
  86. Disability Gateway. Lake Tyers Health and Children’s Services (LTHCS).
  87. Ramahyuck District Aboriginal Corporation. Wunman Njinde, welcome to Ramahyuck.
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